i don’t mean beta-oxidation, it’s just a series of separated normal reactions. i mean something like this: when first learning about ketones, you might learn about aldol condensation, which has enol as a nucleophile and another carbonyl as electrophile. at some other point you might learn about strecker reaction, which has iminium ion as electrophile and cyanide as nucleophile. but really, what you can do is mix and match, and you can pair enolizable ketone and iminium (mannich reaction) or carbonyl and cyanide (cyanohydrin formation) and then generalize, for example you don’t need strictly ketone for mannich, you can use any electron rich conjugated system like malonate or nitroalkane anion (henry reaction) or phenol or indole. to figure this out you need to study mechanisms. these last two are usually treated as variants of friedel-crafts reaction, but really categories like this are fake

and to get that right, you need to know how these reactive intermediates look like, how reactive they are, what influences their stability which means that ochem starts with discussion of carbocations, carboanions, radicals, their shapes and orbitals involved, hyperconjugation, solvent effects and the like. and then first reactions taught are sn1/sn2, because these showcase these fundamentals nicely, and from there, it’s about introduction of more compound classes

we only had synthons introduced during lecture at around 4th year, and only for ochem path, it’s not doing a lot at that point and imo would have much more impact right after ochem intro course

i always thought that the idea of synthons should be taught early on https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthon

i’d say it’s more important to learn mechanisms because this way you can notice these patterns of reactivity easier. at some point you’d only get new reactions that are really just pieces of other reactions you know put in a new way

there’s zero reason to make chart like this, it’s both barely comprehensible and touching surface level stuff only (where are palladium couplings for one)

These things are under high voltage, so no. And then there’s several kg of mercury inside

no, but they will also kill you (but not by magic)

i think that conspiracy theories are more about feeling special about knowing some secret knowledge, lots of people fall for this and even create conspiracy theories without realizing, no matter how smart they are

Aristotle said so much dumb shit, like he said that women have less teeth and never bothered to check

he was a propagandist

I think it would be comparable to situation where all mRNA is suddenly unusable, ie protein synthesis can’t run at all. This would be something like ricin or diphteria toxin poisoning, but instead of being limited to gastrointestinal lining it’s spread all over. I’d guess hours to days before anything visible starts happening (symptoms only start to appear when deficit in new protein synthesis becomes noticeable; all protein already made continues to work for sone time)

is TRPV3 even involved in any way because last time i’ve checked some of best evidence points in direction of TrkB

with wood, the problem was with lignin which is tightly crosslinked, meaning that it’s insoluble and organism willing to eat it has to secrete some enzymes to break it down in smaller bits that can be absorbed

depending on plastic, this first step might be easier or even happening on its own. there are already bacteria that feed on nylon but nylon starting materials are easier to digest for them

you can have liquids with low surface tension that don’t evaporate immediately (water + soap)

helical antennas work fine too and look goofy as hell

i’ve used the same (800ml can) and this one works well. cookie tin is 15cm dia 8cm tall and it works, but size can vary a bit. you can copy or scale slightly designs of 13cm band antennas

wait i thought for some reason that pringles can sized waveguide would have cutoff frequency above 2.4ghz. nevermind, there’s something better because bigger aperture can get you more directivity like this https://lea.hamradio.si/~s53mv/wumca/cup.html i made two out of cookie tins and it works over 500m at least

pringles can is too small for 2.4ghz cantenna, it’s near cutoff frequency but just barely, you need 10cm-ish diameter can or shorter 16cm-ish can

if someone is so bad at a subject that chatgpt offers actual help, then maybe that person shouldn’t write an article on that subject in the first place. the only language chatgpt speaks is bland nonconfrontational corporate sludge, i’m not sure how it helps

in one of these preprints there were traces of prompt used for writing paper itself too